Anacharsis cloots wikipedia
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Anacharsis Cloots
Anacharsis Cloots (1755-1794), originally known as Jean-Baptiste du Val-de-Grâce, baron de Cloots was an orator[note 1] in revolutionary France and a New Atheist long before New Atheism was a thing. Originally born into the Prussian nobility, Cloots spent most of his early life traveling Europe, spending his family's money. In 1789, he moved permanently to France and became a naturalized citizen, renounced his titles, and spent the rest of his life embroiled in revolutionary politics before being used as a scapegoat and guillotined by his fellow revolutionaries. His life reads almost exactly like that of a modern upper-middle class anarcho-syndicalist, only before Marx, and in an era when neither atheism nor anarchism was a "safe" opinion to hold.
Works[edit]
Although he was primarily known for his fiery speeches, Cloots was also an accomplished pamphleteer. The most coherent expression his philosophy can be found in his Bases constitutionnelles de la République du genre humain and L'Orateur du genre-humain, ou Dépêche du Prussien Cloots, au Prussien Hertzberg.
Religious works[edit]
Cloots was infamous in France for his outspoken antitheism. His publications frequently took the form of parody of popular or influential works of apolog
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1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cloots, De Grâce
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Anacharsis Cloots
Prussian nobleman (1755–1794)
Jean-Baptiste du Val-de-Grâce, baronde Cloots (24 June 1755 – 24 March 1794), better known as Anacharsis Cloots (also spelled Clootz), was a Prussian nobleman who was a significant figure in the French Revolution.[1][2][3] Perhaps the first to advocate a world parliament, an idea later espoused by Albert Camus and Albert Einstein, he was a world federalist and an internationalist anarchist. He was nicknamed "orator of mankind", "citizen of humanity" and "a personal enemy of God".[4] American author Herman Melville refers to an "Anacharsis Clootz delegation" as a representation of global humanity in both Moby-Dick (1851), The Confidence-Man, and later in Billy Budd.[6]
Biography
[edit]Early life
[edit]Born near Kleve, at the castle of Gnadenthal [de], he belonged to a noble Prussian family of Dutch Protestant origin.[7] The young Cloots, heir to a great fortune, was sent to Paris at age eleven to complete his education, and became attracted to the theories of his uncle the abbéCornelius de Pauw (1739–1799), philosophe, geographer and diplomat at the court of Frederick II of Prussia. His father placed him in the military academy