Pascale pratte biography of abraham
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1863
Abraham Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation, declaring slaves in Confederate states to be free.
1864 · St. Albans Raid
St. Albans Raid took place on October 19, 1864. It was a Confederate raid from Canada into Union territory. Confederate soldiers that were in Canada raided the town of St. Albans killed one person and robbed three banks.
1890 · The Sherman Antitrust Act
This Act tried to prevent the raising of prices by restricting trade. The purpose of the Act was to preserve a competitive marketplace to protect consumers from abuse.
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Application of description Multi-Scale Fund for Alchemy and Aerosols version 0 (MUSICAv0) propound air adequate research tutor in Africa
Yugo Kanaya, Roberto Sommariva, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Andrea Mazzeo, Theodore K. Koenig, Kaori Kawana, James Attach. Johnson, Aurélie Colomb, Pierre Tulet, Suzie Molloy, Ian E. Galbally, Rainer Volkamer, Anoop Mahajan, John W. Halfacre, Missionary B. Shepson, Julia Schmale, Hélène Angot, Byron Blomquist, Matthew D. Shupe, Detlev Helmig, Junsu Gil, Meehye Lee, Sean C. Coburn, Ivan Solon, Gao Chen, James Face, Kenneth C. Aikin, King D. Painter, John S. Holloway, Clocksmith B. Ryerson, Ilana B. Pollack, Eric J. Playwright, Brian M. Lerner, Saint J. Weinheimer, Teresa Campos, Frank M. Flocke, J. Ryan Spackman, Ilann Conventional, Jeff Peischl, Chelsea R. Thompson, Ralf M. Staebler, Amir A. Aliabadi, Wanmin Gong, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, Ryan M. Stauffer, Debra Fix. Kollonige, Juan Carlos Gómez Martin, Masatomo Fujiwara, Katie Read, Gospels Rowlinson, Keiichi Sato, Junichi Kurokawa, Yoko Iwamoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Hisahiro Takashima, Monica Navarro Comas, Marios Panagi, and Player G. Schultz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2
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Abstract
The emergence and worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 raises new concerns and challenges regarding possible environmental contamination by this virus through spillover of human sewage, where it has been detected. The coastal environment, under increasing anthropogenic pressure, is subjected to contamination by a large number of human viruses from sewage, most of them being non-enveloped viruses like norovirus. When reaching coastal waters, they can be bio-accumulated by filter-feeding shellfish species such as oysters. Methods to detect this viral contamination were set up for the detection of non-enveloped enteric viruses, and may need optimization to accommodate enveloped viruses like coronaviruses (CoV).
Here, we aimed at assessing methods for the detection of CoV, including SARS-CoV-2, in the coastal environment and testing the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 can contaminate oysters, to monitor the contamination of French shores by SARS-CoV-2 using both seawater and shellfish.
Using the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a CoV, as surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, and Tulane virus, as surrogate for non-enveloped viruses such as norovirus, we assessed and selected methods to detect CoV in seawater and shellfish. Seawater-based methods showed variable and low yields for PEDV